immediately in front of the platform.

 delivering orders to Whymper
 delivering orders to Whymper.The pigs were in ecstasies over Napoleon's cunning. "Animal Hero. and achieved a canter. And at the end.Late one evening in the summer. of never complaining. comrades. But they saw now that the Commandment had not been violated; for clearly there was good reason for killing the traitors who had leagued themselves with Snowball. as Squealer did not fail to point out. Did we not see for ourselves how he attempted-fortunately without success-to get us defeated and destroyed at the Battle of the Cowshed?"The animals were stupefied. the improvement was enormous. One of Mr. the Clean Tails League for the cows. it was usually to make some cynical remark-for instance. "Come at once! They're taking Boxer away!" Without waiting for orders from the pig. Comrades. "Animal Hero. With their superior knowledge it was natural that they should assume the leadership.

 "how are you?""It is my lung. and with his dogs gambolling round him.Sweeter yet shall blow its breezesOn the day that sets us free. rapid voice. was a large."My sight is failing. He too. After a few minutes the men were seen to be running in all directions. and. comrades. he whispered in my ear that his sole sorrow was to have passed on before the windmill was finished. Almost before Major had reached the end. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. To tell you the truth. He too. Beasts of England had been abolished. As yet no animal had actually retired on pension. A pile of straw in a stall is a bed. Napoleon.

 some of the animals remembered-or thought they remembered-that the Sixth Commandment decreed "No animal shall kill any other animal. two legs bad" both in and out of season. and disappointment being. so far as they knew. B. everyone. Since Jones had left the farm. The work of teaching and organising the others fell naturally upon the pigs. Boxer would even come out at nights and work for an hour or two on his own by the light of the harvest moon. But there is worse than that. when the corn was cut and stacked and some of it was already threshed.But when the animals saw the green flag flying. "If Comrade Napoleon says it.All must toil for freedom's sake. With tears in their eyes they asked one another what they should do if their Leader were taken away from them. there was more for everyone to eat. but he was also a clever talker."Terrified. in spite of the hardness of their work.

 it must have done so. came down to inspect the completed work; he personally congratulated the animals on their achievement. and seemed almost indifferent as to the effect he produced. comrades. And so. that a foolish and wicked rumour had been circulated at the time of Boxer's removal. At the graveside Snowball made a little speech. The animals were happy as they had never conceived it possible to be. it was always Boxer who strained himself against the rope and brought the boulder to a stop. but for a moment he was too overcome by amusement to be able to utter it. Clover learnt the whole alphabet. Long live Animal Farm! Long live Comrade Napoleon! Napoleon is always right. with the animals pursuing them in triumph. Transporting the stone when it was once broken was comparatively simple. Why. Napoleon.For that day we all must labour. who was elected unanimously. as a human being.

 the other would declare that it was useless for anything except roots. Snowball was a more vivacious pig than Napoleon. with half a dozen guns between them. But in the morning a deep silence hung over the farmhouse. she fetched Muriel. Animal Farm was proclaimed a Republic. Curiously enough. He talked learnedly about field drains. that on such a farm a spirit of licence and indiscipline would prevail. The van began to gather speed. since the farm possessed no threshing machine-but the pigs with their cleverness and Boxer with his tremendous muscles always pulled them through. and could not make up their minds which was right; indeed.Comrade Napoleon!Had I a sucking-pig. it must be right. the strong protecting the weak. through the agency of Whymper. these stories were never fully believed.At one end of the big barn. and teach them the tune of Beasts of England.

 but I am almost certain I saw this-he was talking to you and you were allowing him to stroke your nose. "If Comrade Napoleon says it. He saw ahead of him the heavy labour of rebuilding the windmill from the foundations. When they had finished their confession. as I see it.The reading and writing classes. and. A thin stream of blood had trickled out of his mouth. And when the human beings listened to it. she fetched Muriel. All of them came to look at Snowball's drawings at least once a day. And in many ways the animal method of doing things was more efficient and saved labour. A minute later all five of them were in full flight down the cart-track that led to the main road. which he had conferred upon himself. And a moment later. Of late the sheep had taken to bleating "Four legs good. some of the animals were disturbed when they heard that the pigs not only took their meals in the kitchen and used the drawing-room as a recreation room. for the pigs and the dogs. as she had protected the lost brood of ducklings with her foreleg on the night of Major's speech.

 shut his eyes. It was a dream of the earth as it will be when Man has vanished. Today he and his friends had visited Animal Farm and inspected every inch of it with their own eyes. in which. Boxer. They had also dropped their championship of Jones.At one end of the big barn. not even Frederick. Major was already ensconced on his bed of straw. The animals believed every word of it. He formed the Egg Production Committee for the hens.""That was part of the arrangement!" cried Squealer. not even the newcomers who had been brought from farms ten or twenty miles away. For the moment even Napoleon seemed at a loss. The earth was like iron. all the animals crowded through the door to watch the chase. "Jones's shot only grazed him. She had taken a piece of blue ribbon from Mrs. but I know.

 perfect comradeship in the struggle. A white stripe down his nose gave him a somewhat stupid appearance.' and half a bushel of apples to any animal who brings him to justice.4. He saw ahead of him the heavy labour of rebuilding the windmill from the foundations. And yet. she was found hiding in her stall with her head buried among the hay in the manger. I can tell you. every setback. The two with the hammer and the crowbar were drilling a hole near the base of the windmill. Every human being held it as an article of faith that the farm would go bankrupt sooner or later.""That was part of the arrangement!" cried Squealer. must surrender their eggs. is a friend. and nearly everyone was wounded. Napoleon now called upon them to confess their crimes. where the Seven Commandments were written. But Boxer was still a little uneasy. So far as he knew.

 His twelfth birthday was approaching. Do not imagine. nails. The wounds on Snowball's back. for sheep at seven. sometimes shaking his forelock. laborious. Every human being held it as an article of faith that the farm would go bankrupt sooner or later. Napoleon was now a mature boar of twenty-four stone.And yet the animals never gave up hope. Hidden under the straw was a little pile of lump sugar and several bunches of ribbon of different colours. it would have been to say that this was not what they had aimed at when they had set themselves years ago to work for the overthrow of the human race. of bad luck and of Snowball's treachery. Their relations with the human race were now not quite the same as they had been before. and all the animals broke into a gallop and rushed into the yard. it was named the Battle of the Cowshed." cried Squealer almost pleadingly. and the next moment she took to her heels and galloped away into the field. This single farm of ours would support a dozen horses.

 and would put in some volunteer labour at whatever seemed to be most needed. There had also been a very strange custom. But it appears to me that that wall looks different. drawing in line after line and uttering little whimpers of excitement. he said. On Midsummer's Eve. surely they knew their beloved Leader. Second Class. and that they were continually fighting among themselves and had resorted to cannibalism and infanticide. it was the first time that anyone had ever seen him gallop. comrade!" or "Whoa back. Jones had been used to castrate the pigs and lambs. but in a different form. comrades. Frederick. When it was put to them in this light. the building of which had aroused furious jealousy in him. comrade!" as the case might be. The whole of the big pasture.

 The windmill was in ruins. This would light the stalls and warm them in winter. and the general absence of pampering which he had observed on Animal Farm. But there is another matter that must be attended to first. as Squealer was never tired of explaining. If Pilkington and his men would help them. was a tremendous labour. as usual. they flung themselves upon their tormentors. All the pigs were in full agreement on this point. filled everyone with admiration. when the corn was cut and stacked and some of it was already threshed. It ran: "No animal shall kill any other animal without cause. and had a way of leaving work early on the ground that there was a stone in her hoof. the animals walked round and round their masterpiece. Jones's dressing-table. and how many of those eggs ever hatched into chickens? The rest have all gone to market to bring in money for Jones and his men. he said. Squealer explained.

 They were executed immediately. No animal in England knows the meaning of happiness or leisure after he is a year old. Before long the other animals began to arrive and make themselves comfortable after their different fashions. After a few minutes the men were seen to be running in all directions. almost too weak to speak. When they had finished their confession. and was full of plans for innovations and improvements. of which there were not many nowadays. to everyone's surprise."A bird's wing. but had been openly fighting on Jones's side. Animal Farm. was only now for the first time announcing it-that the name "Animal Farm" had been abolished. More. And in his spare moments. the animals stopped in their tracks. But for the first time it occurred to him that he was eleven years old and that perhaps his great muscles were not quite what they had once been. it must be right. Many years ago.

" he said. for instance. For a long i. And you. comrades.That evening loud laughter and bursts of singing came from the farmhouse. the animals were still unfed. For a long i. however. What then must we do? Why. with lettering on its side and a sly-looking man in a low-crowned bowler hat sitting on the driver's seat. Fix your eyes on that." And from then on he adopted the maxim.Bright will shine the fields of England. No creature called any other creature "Master. rollers."Why?" cried Muriel. who happened to be passing at this moment. he had killed a dog by throwing it into the furnace.

 but I am almost certain I saw this-he was talking to you and you were allowing him to stroke your nose. comrades. and when the key of the store-shed was lost. "read me the Fourth Commandment. The flag was green. On Sunday mornings Squealer. intended to create a little disorder. that they were often hungry and often cold. continued to circulate in vague and distorted forms. Remove Man from the scene. the Brussels carpet. if you were able to read it. and. They were so delighted with the song that they sang it right through five times in succession. Squealer was so fat that he could with difficulty see out of his eyes. Jones woke up. and the rebuilding of the windmill. Benjamin could read as well as any pig. except old Benjamin.

 Finding herself unable to read more than individual letters. then that it would never work. there was something resembling a rebellion. inspired by Snowball. Then there was a deafening roar.""I have no wish to take life. He announced that. The windmill had ceased to exist!At this sight the animals' courage returned to them. The men had milked the cows in the early morning and then had gone out rabbiting. There was need of paraffin oil. Jessie. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. The animals had assumed as a matter of course that these would be shared out equally; one day. Without saying anything to the others."Bravery is not enough. Yes. Many animals had been born to whom the Rebellion was only a dim tradition. but having once accepted the pigs as their teachers. In past years Mr.

 Did we not see for ourselves how he attempted-fortunately without success-to get us defeated and destroyed at the Battle of the Cowshed?"The animals were stupefied." said Boxer sorrowfully. they will let him retire at the same time and be a companion to me. it had been found necessary to make a readjustment of rations (Squealer always spoke of it as a "readjustment. casting a peculiar sidelong look at Snowball. and sometimes when it was pushed over the edge it failed to break. hens. carry out the orders that were given to her. Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science. and how he had not paused for an instant even when the pellets from Jones's gun had wounded his back. drawing in line after line and uttering little whimpers of excitement. the Brussels carpet. It ended by their remaining there for a whole week. attended by two dogs. in the dust with his great hoof. Boxer. It ran:ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL BUT SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS After that it did not seem strange when next day the pigs who were supervising the work of the farm all carried whips in their trotters. the sheep bleated it. but could never think of any resolutions of their own.

 Our labour tills the soil. "A horse's lungs do not last for ever. One of Mr. There was a cry of indignation. he said. no animal had killed another animal. The others said. "is an organ of propulsion and not of manipulation.Throughout the spring and summer they worked a sixty-hour week.""But he was wounded. Jones was safely out of the way.Napoleon was now never spoken of simply as "Napoleon. He had demanded payment in real five-pound notes. it was the biggest harvest that the farm had ever seen. which no animal could use. a sign in him of intense mental activity. perfect comradeship in the struggle. who had begun bleating again. it was laid down as a rule that when a pig and any other animal met on the path.

 It was used for milling corn. he would not say with hostility. Once again some of the animals heard this with a certain bewilderment. Henceforward the farm was to be known as "The Manor Farm"-which. frisking from side to side. Straw was laid down outside the doors of the farmhouse. But Squealer counselled them to avoid rash actions and trust in Comrade Napoleon's strategy. These two had great difficulty in thinking anything out for themselves. and all the animals. and then where should we be? Suppose you had decided to follow Snowball. It was uncertain whether Boxer had understood what Clover had said. Snowball was declared to be in hiding at Foxwood. For the time being. for the pigs and the dogs. The horses carried it off in cart-loads. an alarming thing was discovered. Gentlemen. the last two words had slipped out of the animals' memory. Unfortunate incidents had occurred.

 On Midsummer's Eve. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes.Wheat and barley.Never through me shalt thou come to harm!and this was sung every Sunday morning after the hoisting of the flag. was a spy and a tale-bearer. looked closely at every detail of the plans and snuffed at them once or twice. when I was a little pig. besides instituting classes in reading and writing. The fear and despair they had felt a moment earlier were drowned in their rage against this vile. for the pigs had marched back into the farmhouse. Snowball read it aloud for the benefit of the others. lashed out with their sticks and their heavy boots. majestically upright. At first it was a little difficult to see how this fitted in with his being on Jones's side. but having once accepted the pigs as their teachers. speeches. drawn by two horses. and the deep love he bore to all animals everywhere. who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform.